Prof. Dr. (H.C.) Hj. Dyah Permata Megawati Setyawati Soekarnoputri or commonly known as Megawati Soekarnoputri or commonly called "Mbak Mega" (born 23 January 1947) is the fifth President of Indonesia who served from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004. daughter of the first president of Indonesia, Soekarno, who later followed in his father's footsteps to become President of Indonesia. On 20 September 2004, he lost votes to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the second round of the 2004 Presidential Election.
He became president after the MPR held an MPR Special Session in 2001. This MPR Special Session was held in response to President Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur)'s move to freeze the MPR/DPR institutions and the Golkar Party. He was sworn in on 23 July 2001. Previously from 1999–2001, he served as Vice President in the government of President Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur).
Megawati is also the general chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) since splitting from the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1999.
Early Life
Megawati Soekarnoputri was the second child of President Soekarno who had proclaimed Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. Megawati's mother, Fatmawati, was a girl born in Bengkulu where Soekarno had previously been exiled during the Dutch colonial period. He was born during the Dutch Military Aggression. When Soekarno was exiled to the island of Bangka, Fatmawati gave birth to a baby, named Megawati Soekarno Putri, on January 23, 1947 in the village of Ledok Ratmakan, west bank of the Code River. After Indonesia's independence, Megawati was raised at the Merdeka Palace.
He had studied at Padjadjaran University in Bandung (not to graduate) in agriculture, as well as having studied at the Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia (also not graduated).
Megawati Soekarnoputri's political career, which is full of twists and turns and colors, seems to be in line with the life story of her household journey, which has experienced failure.
Her first husband was First Lieutenant (avier) Surindro Supjarso, an Air Force pilot and first officer in the Indonesian National Army Air Force (TNI-AU) of the Republic of Indonesia. Surindro is tall and tall, has a handsome face with a crested hair style, among his colleagues he is often called "Pacul". Surindro is a close friend of Guntur Soekarnoputra, Megawati's older brother. It is said that it was said that it was Guntur who matched Mega with Surindro. They were married on Saturday, June 1, 1968 at Jalan Sriwijaya Number 7, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta.
After that, Megawati then followed her husband, Surindro, to live in Madiun, East Java. There she became a housewife and took care of her first child, Mohammad Rizki Pratama. When Mega was pregnant with her second child (Mohammad Prananda Prabowo), Surindro had a plane crash that took his life. The Skyvan T-701 aircraft that he was controlling crashed into the sea around the waters of the island of Biak, Irian Jaya, on January 22, 1970. Surindro and seven crew members of the plane disappeared, the jungle was unknown and only fragments of the plane's body debris were found scattered in the sea around those waters. Mega was afflicted with deep sorrow, she also mourned for a long time.
A few years later, in 1972, at that time Megawati was still in her early twenties with two children who were still toddlers, she then rekindled her love affair with a man who is said to be a businessman from Egypt, who is also an Egyptian diplomat. who at that time was on duty in Jakarta, whose name was Hassan Gamal Ahmad Hasan. However, Megawati's second marriage did not last long, only lasted three months, because Megawati's marriage to Hassan (Mega's second husband) was in the spotlight of the mass media on the grounds that at that time Megawati was still bound by a legal marriage to Surindro, her first husband and at that time Megawati was still married. there is no definite decision from the government, in this case the TNI-AU Headquarters, regarding the fate of her first husband whose body has not been found until now. Bung Karno's family did not remain silent, they then hired a lawyer, his name was Sumadji, to annul Mega's controversial second marriage through a decision by the Jakarta High Religious Court, Hassan finally relented and gave in. From her marriage to her second husband, which failed, Megawati has no children.
The happiness and peace of Megawati Soekarnoputri's household life was truly established and felt after she married Moh. Taufiq Kiemas, a fellow activist in the former Indonesian National Student Movement (GMNI), who was also one of the movers of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). Mega's third husband, Taufiq Kiemas, besides being active in GMNI, he also joined the "Inti Pembina Jiwa Revolusi", an organization that upholds the teachings of "Soekarno". Taufiq Kiemas, whom Guntur nicknamed "the Caucasians", married Mega at the end of March 1973. Their wedding ceremony took place simply at the "Panti Perwira", Central Jakarta. From this couple, Puan Maharani was born, who is the third child of Megawati Soekarnoputri and is the only child of Taufiq Kiemas.
Political Career
His father's political footprint had a strong influence on Megawati Soekarnoputri. Because since a student, while studying at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pajajaran, he was always active in the Indonesian National Student Movement (GMNI).
Megawati when she became a member of the People's Representative Council in 1987
In 1986 he began to enter politics, as deputy chairman of the PDI Central Jakarta Branch. His political career is quite fast. Mega only took one year to become a member of the DPR RI.
1993
In the PDI Extraordinary Congress held in Surabaya 1993, Megawati was elected by acclamation as the General Chair of the PDI.
1996
However, the government was not satisfied with Mega's election as PDI General Chair. Mega was also ousted at the PDI Congress in Medan in 1996, which elected Soerjadi as PDI General Chair.
Mega did not accept his removal and did not recognize the Medan Congress. He still feels that he is the legitimate chairman of the PDI. Mega's office and equipment are also controlled by Mega. Mega does not want to take a single step back. They are still trying to maintain the office of the PDI DPP. However, Soerjadi, who was supported by the government, threatened to forcibly seize the PDI DPP office located on Jalan Diponegoro.
Soerjadi's threat later became a reality. On 27 July 1996 Soerjadi's group actually seized the PDI DPP office from Megawati's supporters. The attack, which killed tens of Megawati's supporters, resulted in mass riots in Jakarta known as the 27 July Incident. The riots also made several activists languishing in prison.
The incident of the attack on the PDI DPP office did not dampen Mega's steps. In fact, he is increasingly determined to raise the fight. He chose the legal route, although it later ran aground in court. Mega still doesn't stop. Inevitably, the PDI was separated into the PDI under Soerjadi and the PDI led by Mega. The government recognized Soerjadi as the legitimate chairman of the PDI. However, the PDI masses favored Mega.
1997
The partiality of the PDI masses to Mega was increasingly evident in the 1997 elections. PDI's vote share under Soerjadi fell sharply. Some of Mega's masses sided with the United Development Party, which later gave birth to the term "Mega Bintang". Mega himself chose abstention at that time.
1999
Megawati's official photo as Vice President.
In the 1999 election, PDI Mega, which changed its name to PDI-P, won the election. Although not a landslide victory, but he managed to get more than thirty percent of the vote. The masses of his supporters forced Mega to become president. They threatened that if Mega did not become president there would be a revolution.
However, the line that developed in the 1999 General Assembly said otherwise, and chose KH Abdurrahman Wahid as President. He narrowly lost in the presidential election voting 373 to 313 votes.
2001
Inauguration of President Megawati Soekarnoputri in 2001.
MPR chairman Amien Rais congratulated Megawati on her appointment as president.
However, time also sided with Megawati Sukarnoputri. He did not have to wait five years to replace President Abdurrahman Wahid, after the 1999 General Assembly thwarted him from becoming President. The MPR Special Session, Monday (23/7/2001) at 09.30 WIB, has upgraded his status to President, after President Abdurrahman Wahid was revoked by the MPR RI.
2004
Megawati with Hasyim Muzadi in the 2004 presidential election
Megawati's reign was marked by the strengthening of the consolidation of democracy in Indonesia. During her reign, direct presidential elections were held and are generally considered to be one of the successes of the democratization process in Indonesia. He lost (40% - 60%) in the 2004 presidential election and had to hand over the milestone of the presidency to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the former Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs during his reign.
2014
Megawati and PDI-P appointed Joko Widodo to run in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election. Finally, through a long election process, Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla were elected President and Vice President for the 2014 - 2019 period.
At the PDI-P IV National Working Meeting (Rakernas), Semarang, Central Java, 20 September 2014, Megawati was reappointed to be the General Chair of the PDI-P for the 2015-2020 period.
2019
At the PDI-P 5th Congress, Sanur, Bali, August 8, 2019, Megawati was reinstated as Chairperson of the PDIP for the 2019-2024 period.
Career Journey
- Member of the Indonesian National Student Movement (Bandung); (1965)
- Member of the PDI Faction DPR RI Commission IV (1987-1997)
- Chairman of the Central Jakarta PDI DPC
- Chairman of the PDI version of the PDI Extraordinary Congress (KLB) in Surabaya (1993-1996)
- The PDI he led changed its name to PDI-P in 1999-present
- Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia (20 October 1999-23 July 2001)
- 5th President of the Republic of Indonesia (23 July 2001-20 October 2004)
Educational Trip
- Cikini Elementary School Jakarta (1954-1959)
- SLTP Cikini College Jakarta (1960-1962)
- High School College Cikini Jakarta (1963-1965)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung (1965-1967); not completed
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia Jakarta (1970-1972); not completed
Source : Wikipedia
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